Protein Acetylation as an Integral Part of Metabolism in Cancer Development and Progression
Abstract
Acetylation of lysine is one of the major post-translational modifications of histone and non-histone proteins of eukaryotic cells. Acetylation has been indicated as an avenue for cellular response to environmental, nutritional and behavioral factors. At the same time, aberrant protein acetylation has been related to cancer as well as many other diseases. Abnormal expression of some classes of histone deacetylases and histone acetyl transferases has been documented for the majority of cancers. These observations have led to extensive efforts in the development of inhibitors for these enzymes for the treatment of cancer as well as other diseases as well as pathogen control.
Regulation of protein activities and gene expression by acetylation influences many processes relevant for cancer development, including metabolism. At the same time acetylation depends on a number of metabolic co-factors and a variety of metabolites act as inhibitors of acetylation proteins making acetylation enzymes an integral part of metabolism. Cancer metabolic phenotype is generally understood as one of the major hallmarks of cancer and thus the interplay between acetylation, anabolism and catabolism provides a very interesting forum for exploration of cancer development and for novel treatments. An ever increasing pool of publications shows relationships between the acetylation process and related enzymes with metabolites in cancerous and non-cancerous systems. In this review we are presenting previously established relationships between acetylation/deacetylation, metabolites and enzyme regulation particularly in relation to cancer development, progression and treatment.
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